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AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) Testing

AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) Testing

February 2, 2026
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Do I need an AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) test?

Wondering about your fertility or why your periods feel irregular? Could measuring your AMH help you understand what's happening with your ovarian reserve?

AMH reflects the number of eggs remaining in your ovaries. It gives you insight into your reproductive timeline and can help explain cycle irregularities or fertility concerns.

Testing your AMH offers a valuable snapshot of your ovarian health, empowering you to make informed decisions about family planning, fertility treatments, or lifestyle adjustments. It's the first step toward personalizing your path forward and addressing those underlying concerns about your reproductive wellness.

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Key benefits of AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) testing

  • Reveals your ovarian reserve and how many eggs remain available for fertility.
  • Guides timing for family planning or egg freezing based on your biology.
  • Flags early menopause risk so you can plan ahead with your doctor.
  • Clarifies irregular periods by identifying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when elevated.
  • Supports fertility treatment decisions by predicting response to ovarian stimulation.
  • Tracks ovarian function over time to monitor age-related or treatment-related changes.
  • Best interpreted alongside FSH, estradiol, and your menstrual pattern for full context.

What is AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone)?

A hormone that guards the ovarian reserve

AMH is a protein hormone produced by the small follicles in a woman's ovaries. These follicles are tiny fluid-filled sacs, each containing an immature egg. The granulosa cells lining these early-stage follicles secrete AMH into the bloodstream throughout a woman's reproductive years.

It reflects how many eggs remain

AMH levels mirror the size of the ovarian reserve, the pool of eggs still available for potential ovulation. Unlike hormones that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle, AMH remains relatively stable from day to day. This makes it a reliable snapshot of ovarian function and reproductive potential at any given time.

Originally named for its role in male development

The hormone gets its name from the Müllerian ducts, embryonic structures that develop into the uterus and fallopian tubes in females. In male fetuses, AMH produced by the testes causes these ducts to regress. In adult women, however, AMH serves an entirely different purpose as a marker of fertility and ovarian aging.

Why is AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) important?

AMH is a hormone produced by the ovaries in women and the testes in men that serves as a direct window into reproductive potential and certain endocrine disorders. In women of reproductive age, it reflects the number of remaining eggs in the ovarian reserve, making it a key marker for fertility assessment and timing. In men and children, AMH helps evaluate testicular function and sexual development.

It reveals your ovarian reserve and fertility window

In women, AMH levels naturally decline with age as the egg supply diminishes. Low or undetectable levels suggest a reduced ovarian reserve, often seen in women approaching menopause, those with premature ovarian insufficiency, or after chemotherapy. This can mean shorter fertile years, irregular cycles, and difficulty conceiving. Very low AMH may also signal accelerated reproductive aging.

Elevated levels point to hormonal imbalance

High AMH is most commonly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where numerous small follicles produce excess hormone. Women may experience irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and insulin resistance. Elevated AMH can also predict ovarian hyperstimulation during fertility treatments.

It connects reproduction to metabolic and long-term health

AMH ties ovarian function to broader metabolic and cardiovascular health, especially in PCOS. It also helps diagnose disorders of sexual development in children and monitor testicular tumors in men. Understanding AMH offers insight into reproductive lifespan, hormonal balance, and systemic well-being.

What do my AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) results mean?

Low AMH levels

Low values usually reflect a reduced number of remaining egg-containing follicles in the ovaries, known as diminished ovarian reserve. This is a natural part of aging and typically becomes more pronounced after age 35. In younger women, low AMH may signal premature ovarian aging or primary ovarian insufficiency. Low AMH is associated with reduced fertility potential and a shorter window until menopause. In men, AMH is normally low after puberty, so interpretation differs by sex and developmental stage.

Optimal AMH levels

Being in range suggests a healthy ovarian reserve consistent with your age and reproductive stage. In women of reproductive age, this reflects an adequate pool of developing follicles and normal ovarian function. Optimal values vary widely by age, with higher levels typical in younger women and gradual decline expected over time. There is no single target within the reference range, as context matters more than absolute number.

High AMH levels

High values usually reflect an increased number of small follicles in the ovaries, most commonly seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Elevated AMH is a hallmark of PCOS and correlates with irregular ovulation, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic effects. Very high AMH may also predict increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation during fertility treatment.

Factors that influence AMH

AMH declines steadily with age and is unaffected by menstrual cycle phase, making it a stable marker of ovarian reserve. Hormonal contraceptives may slightly suppress AMH. Assay methods vary between labs, so trends over time are more informative than single values.

Method: FDA-cleared clinical laboratory assay performed in CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratories. Used to aid clinician-directed evaluation and monitoring. Not a stand-alone diagnosis.

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Frequently Asked Questions about AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) Testing

What is AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone), and what does it measure in women?

AMH is a protein hormone made by granulosa cells in small ovarian follicles. Because these early-stage follicles each contain an immature egg, AMH in the bloodstream reflects the size of your ovarian reserve - how many egg-containing follicles remain available for potential ovulation. AMH is relatively stable day to day compared with cycle-dependent hormones, making it a useful snapshot of ovarian function, fertility potential, and ovarian aging at a given time.

How does an AMH test help estimate ovarian reserve and fertility potential?

An AMH test estimates ovarian reserve by measuring AMH produced by small follicles in the ovaries. Higher AMH generally indicates more small follicles, while lower AMH suggests fewer remaining egg-containing follicles (diminished ovarian reserve). Because AMH tends to be stable across the menstrual cycle, it can help guide fertility planning, predict response to ovarian stimulation in fertility treatment, and provide insight into the narrowing fertility window as AMH naturally declines with age.

Why is AMH considered more stable than other fertility hormones across the menstrual cycle?

AMH is secreted by early-stage follicles and does not fluctuate as dramatically with cycle timing as some other reproductive hormones. The page context notes that AMH remains relatively stable from day to day, making it a reliable snapshot of ovarian reserve at any point in the cycle. For fuller interpretation, AMH is best viewed alongside FSH, estradiol, and your menstrual pattern rather than used as a standalone marker.

What does low AMH mean, and can it predict early menopause or perimenopause risk?

Low AMH usually indicates diminished ovarian reserve, meaning fewer egg-containing follicles remain. This can shorten the fertile window, lower chances of conception, and may signal earlier menopause risk - even if cycles still look regular. Low AMH commonly occurs with normal aging (often accelerating after the mid-thirties) but can also be seen earlier due to genetics, autoimmune ovarian conditions, prior chemotherapy or radiation, or ovarian tissue removal.

What does a high AMH level mean, and how is it connected to PCOS and irregular periods?

High AMH usually reflects an increased number of small follicles in the ovaries and is most commonly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS, many small follicles accumulate, which can disrupt ovulation and contribute to irregular periods. Elevated AMH in this context may occur alongside higher androgens and insulin resistance, and PCOS can also carry longer-term metabolic and cardiovascular risks.

How should I interpret “optimal” AMH levels when reference ranges vary by age?

“Optimal” AMH generally means your ovarian reserve appears consistent with your age and reproductive stage, not that you’ve hit a single ideal number. AMH declines steadily from birth through menopause, so healthy values are highly age-dependent. Interpretation also depends on lab methods, since assays can vary, making cross-lab comparisons tricky. For best context, review AMH together with age, symptoms, menstrual pattern, and other labs like FSH and estradiol.

How can AMH results guide family planning decisions like timing pregnancy or egg freezing?

AMH testing can support family planning by estimating ovarian reserve and helping identify whether your fertility window may be shorter or more extended. Lower AMH may suggest considering earlier attempts at conception or discussing options like egg freezing sooner, while higher AMH may indicate a larger pool of small follicles. AMH can also help clinicians anticipate response to ovarian stimulation during fertility treatment, supporting more informed planning with your doctor.

Does hormonal birth control affect AMH test results, and can I test AMH anytime?

The context states AMH is stable across the menstrual cycle and is unaffected by hormonal contraceptives in most studies. That means many people can test AMH without carefully timing the cycle day. However, interpretation should still be individualized and age-based. Because lab methods vary, it’s also important to use the same laboratory if you plan to track AMH over time to monitor ovarian function changes.

How is AMH used alongside FSH and estradiol to evaluate ovarian function and fertility?

AMH is one of the most direct indicators of ovarian reserve, but it’s best interpreted alongside FSH, estradiol, and menstrual pattern for a fuller clinical picture. AMH reflects the remaining pool of egg-containing follicles, while other hormones and cycle patterns help clarify overall ovarian function, ovulatory status, and endocrine balance. Using multiple markers together can improve decision-making for fertility treatment planning and for understanding changes related to age or medical treatments.

Can AMH testing be used in men and children, and how is interpretation different from women?

Yes. The context notes AMH is produced by ovaries in women and testes in men, and it can help assess testicular function and sexual development in men and children. Interpretation differs by sex and age: in men, AMH is normally low after puberty, so “low AMH” doesn’t mean the same thing as diminished ovarian reserve. In women of reproductive age, AMH primarily serves as a marker of ovarian reserve and ovarian aging.

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