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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Testing

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Testing

February 2, 2026
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Do I need a Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) test?

Feeling exhausted, foggy, or noticing tingling in your hands and feet? Could low B12 be draining your energy and affecting your nerves?

Vitamin B12 is essential for producing red blood cells, supporting nerve function, and creating DNA. When levels drop, you may experience fatigue, brain fog, weakness, and nerve problems that can become serious if left unchecked.

Testing your B12 gives you a vital snapshot of your neurological and energy health, revealing whether deficiency is behind your symptoms so you can address it through diet, supplements, or treatment before lasting damage occurs.

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Get tested with Superpower

If you’ve been postponing blood testing for years or feel frustrated by doctor appointments and limited lab panels, you are not alone. Standard healthcare is often reactive, focusing on testing only after symptoms appear or leaving patients in the dark.

Superpower flips that approach. We give you full insight into your body with over 100 biomarkers, personalized action plans, long-term tracking, and answers to your questions, so you can stay ahead of any health issues.

With physician-reviewed results, CLIA-certified labs, and the option for at-home blood draws, Superpower is designed for people who want clarity, convenience, and real accountability - all in one place.

Key benefits of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) testing

  • Reveals whether your body has enough B12 to build blood and nerves.
  • Spots deficiency early, before irreversible nerve damage or severe anemia develops.
  • Explains fatigue, numbness, memory fog, or balance problems tied to low B12.
  • Guides supplementation or dietary changes to restore healthy B12 levels quickly.
  • Flags absorption problems from stomach conditions, medications, or strict plant-based diets.
  • Protects fertility and supports healthy fetal brain and spinal cord development.
  • Tracks response to B12 injections or oral supplements over time.
  • Best interpreted with complete blood count and symptoms for accurate diagnosis.

What is Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that your body cannot make on its own. You obtain it exclusively from animal-based foods like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, or from fortified products and supplements. Once absorbed in the small intestine with the help of a protein called intrinsic factor, B12 travels through the bloodstream to cells throughout your body.

Your body's master builder for DNA and nerves

B12 plays two essential roles. First, it helps build and repair DNA, the genetic blueprint in every cell, making it critical for producing new red blood cells and maintaining all rapidly dividing tissues. Second, it protects and maintains the myelin sheath, the insulating layer around nerves that allows electrical signals to travel quickly and efficiently.

Why measuring B12 matters

Because your body stores B12 in the liver for years, deficiency develops slowly. Measuring blood levels helps detect inadequate intake, poor absorption, or increased demand before symptoms like fatigue, neurological problems, or anemia appear.

Why is Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) important?

Vitamin B12 is essential for building red blood cells, maintaining the insulation around nerves, and synthesizing DNA in every dividing cell. Without adequate B12, your bone marrow can't produce healthy blood cells, your nervous system begins to fray, and energy metabolism stalls. Blood levels typically range from around 200 to 900 pg/mL, with optimal function generally supported in the middle to upper portion of that range.

When levels drop too low

Deficiency unfolds slowly because the liver stores several years' worth of B12. Early signs include fatigue and pale skin as red blood cells become large and fragile, a condition called megaloblastic anemia. Over time, nerve damage emerges: tingling in hands and feet, balance problems, memory lapses, and mood changes. Older adults, strict vegetarians, and people with digestive disorders absorb B12 poorly and face higher risk.

When levels climb unexpectedly high

Elevated B12 is less common and usually reflects supplementation or, occasionally, liver disease or certain blood cancers that release stored B12 into circulation. High values alone rarely cause symptoms but warrant investigation of the underlying cause.

The long view

B12 sits at the crossroads of blood health, neurologic integrity, and cellular replication. Chronic deficiency can lead to irreversible nerve damage and cognitive decline, while adequate levels support energy, mood stability, and healthy aging across the lifespan.

What do my Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) results mean?

Low vitamin B12 levels

Low values usually reflect inadequate intake, poor absorption, or increased demand. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and nerve function. When levels drop, the body may produce fewer and larger red blood cells, leading to macrocytic anemia with fatigue and weakness. Neurological symptoms can develop independently of anemia and include numbness, tingling, balance problems, and cognitive changes. Low B12 is more common in older adults due to reduced stomach acid production, in strict vegetarians and vegans, and in people with conditions affecting the stomach or small intestine.

Optimal vitamin B12 levels

Being in range suggests adequate stores to support red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and nervous system health. Most labs define normal broadly, and optimal function is generally supported across the reference range, though some evidence suggests mid to higher-normal values may better reflect tissue sufficiency.

High vitamin B12 levels

High values usually reflect recent supplementation or, less commonly, underlying conditions such as liver disease, kidney dysfunction, or certain blood disorders. Elevated B12 itself rarely causes symptoms but may prompt investigation of the underlying cause.

Factors that influence vitamin B12 results

Results can be affected by recent B12 injections or high-dose oral supplements. Pregnancy increases demand and may lower measured levels. Some medications and medical conditions interfere with absorption or metabolism, and assay methods vary between laboratories.

Method: FDA-cleared clinical laboratory assay performed in CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratories. Used to aid clinician-directed evaluation and monitoring. Not a stand-alone diagnosis.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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How it works
What should I expect during a blood draw?
  • A trained phlebotomist will guide you through the process.
  • A tourniquet is placed on your arm, the site is cleaned, and a small needle is used to collect blood into one or more tubes.
  • Results are usually ready in about a week.
  • Most people feel only a quick pinch.
  • The needle is removed, gentle pressure is applied, and a bandage is placed.
How do I prepare for a blood draw?
  • Drink plenty of water beforehand — hydration makes veins easier to find.
  • Wear loose sleeves so your arm is easy to access.
  • Follow any fasting instructions you’ve been given.
  • Let us know if you’re on medications, have fainted before, or have needle anxiety.
What should I do after my blood draw?
  • Press gently on the site for a few minutes.
  • Keep the bandage on for 4-6 hours.
  • Skip heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for the rest of the day.
  • Drink extra water to rehydrate.
  • Monitor the site for redness, swelling, or pain.
How do I book a blood draw with Superpower?

Your membership includes:

  • An annual full body test and report across 100+ biomarkers
  • A personalized action plan to optimize your biomarkers and reach your health goals
  • A dashboard to centralize your health data and track changes across a lifetime
  • Access to a health concierge for questions on your plan and help scheduling
  • Plus a marketplace of curated health products and services cheaper than amazon

Many concierge clinics charge $10k – $100k for their services, we’ve built technology to make the world’s best healthcare as accessible as possible via an all-in-one membership.

Where can I take my blood test?

Superpower is currently available in the following US states:

  • Alabama
  • Arizona
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  • Connecticut
  • Delaware
  • District of Columbia
  • Florida
  • Georgia
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  • Vermont
  • Virginia
  • Washington
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Our testing
Does Superpower replace my primary care provider?

Superpower specializes in prevention-based testing and treatments and is not intended for emergency or immediate health issues.

While you will have a Superpower care team, your annual membership is designed to complement a primary care doctor if you have one, not replace them.

We are happy to help you share any test results with an outside provider to ensure you receive well-rounded medical care.

How fast are blood test results and how do I read them?

Your annual lab test panel takes about a week to process. We will text you as soon as they become available in your dashboard. Other types of tests may have different testing windows. The Superpower concierge is your own health assistant who helps answer your questions on your results, ensure smooth scheduling, coordination of any office-based tests, specialist referrals as needed, and navigating you to interface with your care team.

Does Superpower accept health insurance?

Superpower membership and products are all eligible for HSA/FSA funding.

We see Superpower like a gym membership for those committed to prevention and performance. Superpower is a bridge between wellness and healthcare. Health insurance traditionally focuses on reactive care whereas, at Superpower, we believe it’s never too early to start looking out for your long-term health.

What if I want more than 1 blood test per year?

Absolutely — you're not limited to just one. Your membership includes one comprehensive 100+ biomarker blood test each year, but if you'd like to track your progress more closely, you can add extra tests at any time. Each additional full-panel test costs $179. You can order as many as you'd like throughout the year.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Testing

What is a Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) blood test, and what does it measure?

A Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) blood test measures the amount of B12 circulating in your blood, reflecting your current supply and ability to absorb this essential, water-soluble vitamin. Because humans can’t make B12, results can reveal dietary insufficiency or absorption problems in the stomach or small intestine. It’s commonly used to evaluate symptoms like fatigue, numbness, memory fog, and balance issues linked to low B12.

Why is Vitamin B12 important for red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and nerve health?

Vitamin B12 supports three core functions: DNA building and repair, healthy red blood cell production in bone marrow, and maintenance of the myelin sheath that insulates nerves. Without enough B12, red blood cells can become oversized and inefficient (macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia), leading to fatigue and shortness of breath. Low B12 can also damage nerve insulation, contributing to tingling, balance problems, mood changes, and cognitive symptoms.

What symptoms can low Vitamin B12 cause, and how do I know if my fatigue is from deficiency?

Low Vitamin B12 can cause fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, numbness or tingling in hands and feet, balance problems, memory lapses, and mood changes. Because these symptoms overlap with other conditions, B12 testing helps connect symptoms to low levels and catch deficiency early - before irreversible nerve damage or severe anemia develops. Results are best interpreted alongside symptoms and a complete blood count (CBC).

What are common causes of low Vitamin B12 levels, especially in vegans and older adults?

Low B12 commonly stems from inadequate intake or poor absorption. Since B12 is found exclusively in animal-based foods (meat, fish, eggs, dairy), strict plant-based diets can increase deficiency risk. Older adults may absorb B12 poorly due to reduced stomach acid. Other causes include stomach or small-intestine conditions affecting absorption (including the terminal ileum) and pernicious anemia, an autoimmune condition that interferes with absorption.

How do metformin or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) affect Vitamin B12 test results and deficiency risk?

Metformin and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are listed factors that can affect B12 interpretation and may contribute to deficiency risk. These medications can interfere with the complex absorption process that occurs in the stomach and small intestine, potentially lowering usable B12 over time. If you’re taking metformin or a PPI and have fatigue or numbness, B12 testing - and sometimes follow-up tests - can help clarify whether absorption issues are involved.

What Vitamin B12 level is considered low, and what does “under 200 pg/mL” mean?

In the provided context, B12 levels are often considered low when they fall under about 200 pg/mL. At low levels, red blood cells may become oversized and inefficient, contributing to macrocytic anemia symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath. Neurological symptoms may also appear as nerve insulation (myelin) deteriorates. Because thresholds and methods can vary, results should be interpreted with symptoms and a complete blood count for accuracy.

Can you have a “normal” B12 blood level but still have functional Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Yes. The context notes functional B12 deficiency can exist despite normal serum Vitamin B12 levels. In these cases, blood B12 may look adequate while tissues still lack enough active B12 for normal cellular function. When symptoms suggest deficiency but serum levels are inconclusive, additional testing such as methylmalonic acid (MMA) or homocysteine can provide clarification and a clearer picture of cellular B12 status.

What does a high Vitamin B12 result mean if I’m not taking supplements?

High B12 results are uncommon from diet alone. If you’re not supplementing, elevated levels may indicate an underlying issue such as liver disease releasing stored B12, kidney dysfunction, or certain blood cancers (including myeloproliferative disorders). High B12 itself rarely causes symptoms, but it can be an important signal to investigate the underlying cause. Recent injections or oral supplements are still the most common explanation overall.

How is Vitamin B12 deficiency treated, and how can testing track response to injections or supplements?

Vitamin B12 deficiency is typically addressed with supplementation and/or dietary changes to restore healthy levels quickly. Depending on cause and absorption capacity, treatment may involve oral B12 supplements or B12 injections. The B12 blood test can track response over time, helping confirm that levels rise appropriately and symptoms improve. If absorption problems are suspected, follow-up testing may be used to ensure correction at the tissue level as well.

Why is Vitamin B12 testing important in pregnancy and fertility, and how does it support fetal development?

Vitamin B12 testing can help protect fertility and support healthy fetal brain and spinal cord development, because B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and rapidly dividing cells. Pregnancy increases demand, so deficiency can have broader consequences for maternal blood and nervous system health. Monitoring B12 helps identify low levels early and guide supplementation or dietary changes. B12 also works closely with folate, so combined assessment can support a clearer view of pregnancy-related nutrient needs.

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